Autism is defined as a developmental disability significantly affecting communication and social interaction, generally apparent before age three that adversely affects educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with autism are repetitive behaviors and stereotyped movements, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and unusual responses to sensory experiences.

It is estimated that two to six children out of every 1,000 have autism. Males are four times more likely to have autism than females.

Parents are usually the first to notice unusual behaviors in their child. In some cases, the baby seemed "different" from birth, unresponsive to people or focusing intently on one item for long periods of time. The first signs of an autism spectrum disorder can also appear in children who had been developing normally. When an affectionate, babbling toddler suddenly becomes silent, withdrawn, self-abusive, or indifferent to social overtures, something is wrong.

Certain groups are at higher risk for autism. These groups include:

Males are four times more likely than females to have autism.

Those with other family members who have autism, difficulty with social/communication skills, or engage in certain autistic behaviors.

Children with certain medical conditions have a higher than normal risk of having autism. These conditions include fragile X syndrome; tuberous sclerosis; Tourette syndrome; and epilepsy.

Having an older father may increase a child's risk of autism. One study suggests that children born to men 40 years or older were almost six times more likely to have autism spectrum disorder than were children born to men younger than 30 years. The mother’s age does not seem to play a role.

Autism spectrum disorders include a spectrum of psychological conditions ranging in severity characterized by impaired social interaction and communication skills. These include: Asperger syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett syndrome, pervasive developmental disorder, and classical autism.

There is no single best treatment package for all children with ASD. Decisions about the best treatment, or combination of treatments, should be made by the parents with the assistance of a trusted expert diagnostic team. Treatment options include: behavior modification, communication therapy, dietary modifications and medication.